Arab-Israeli Wars: A Detailed Timeline of Conflict

Map showing key events in the Arab-Israeli wars and territorial changes

When you pick up a Bangladeshi passport, it explicitly states that it is valid for travel to all countries except Israel. This effectively informs Bangladeshi citizens that there is one nation in the world with which no form of relationship is permissible.

The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

This stance is rooted in Bangladesh’s unwavering support for Palestine, shared by many other Muslim-majority countries that do not maintain relations with Israel. However, Bangladesh is the only country that officially enforces this restriction on its passports. Since its independence, Bangladesh has maintained a firm position against Israeli oppression of Palestinians. Yet, over the years, several Islamic nations have established diplomatic relations with Israel. This has raised questions in recent times about whether Bangladesh might reconsider its stance.

Arab-Israeli Wars

Timeline of Middle East conflicts

Israel Palestine conflict history

In late 2020, the international online portal Global Defense Corp published an article titled "Time Has Come for Bangladesh to Recognize Israel After UAE and Bahrain." The article explored potential opportunities for Bangladesh-Israel relations. Two points were highlighted: first, Israel was among the countries that recognized Bangladesh soon after its independence; and second, Bangladesh's foreign policy emphasizes "friendship with all," which Israel might seek to leverage.

While the Palestinian issue remains a sticking point, many members of the OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) and Arab states have normalized ties with Israel. Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Morocco have even established direct flights to Israel. Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties with Israel in 1979 and 1994, respectively. Recently, on August 13, 2020, the UAE, followed by Bahrain on September 11, 2020, normalized relations with Israel, mediated by former U.S. President Donald Trump. Speculation suggests that more Arab countries might follow suit. Against this backdrop, Bangladesh's position draws significant international curiosity, especially considering Israel officially recognized Bangladesh in 1972.

Why Israel is a Military Powerhouse

The Six-Day War, which began on June 5, 1967, saw Israel launch a devastating attack on Arab states. Within six days, Israel occupied Gaza, the West Bank, Jerusalem, Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula, and Syria’s Golan Heights. Although the Sinai was returned to Egypt following the Camp David Accords in 1978, Israel has maintained its grip on other territories.

Arab countries relations with Israel

Middle East war timeline

Despite the ongoing suffering of Palestinians, no major global power has extended substantial support. Even the United Nations, entrusted with maintaining peace and security, has done little to alleviate Palestinian suffering. Conversely, Israel receives unwavering support from the U.S., Britain, and other Western allies, which has helped it emerge as a dominant military force. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) play a central role, renowned for their unique weaponry and combat strategies.

The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF)

The IDF comprises three branches: Ground Forces, Air Force, and Navy. Unlike many countries, Israel's armed forces are led exclusively by military professionals rather than civilians. Established officially on May 26, 1948, the IDF has grown significantly since its initial formation from Jewish paramilitary groups like Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi during the Arab-Israeli conflict of 1948.

Israel’s arsenal includes advanced weapons like the Merkava main battle tank, Uzi submachine gun, and Galil and Tavor assault rifles. U.S. financial aid has further bolstered the IDF, contributing to its modern military infrastructure.

Israel mandates military service for citizens over 18, except for religious, health, or psychological exemptions. Men serve for at least three years, while women serve for two, with specialized roles often requiring longer commitments. The IDF also has a reserve service, requiring men under 45 to serve one month annually.

Technological Advancements and Global Influence

Israel’s military technology, including unmanned aerial vehicles, missile defense systems, and satellite capabilities, has earned global recognition. It is the only nation with an operational anti-ballistic missile defense system. Collaborative efforts with the U.S., such as the Nautilus high-energy laser project, further underscore its technological prowess.

Although Israel has not officially disclosed its nuclear capabilities, estimates suggest it possesses 75 to 200 nuclear weapons, with some sources speculating the number could exceed 900.

The Palestinian Struggle Against Occupation

Palestinians born after 1967 have known only Israeli occupation. Thousands have died, and countless others languish in prisons, while millions live as refugees. The roots of the conflict date back to 1947, when the United Nations proposed the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. Despite Arabs forming the majority of the population, 55% of the territory was allocated to Jews.

On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence, leading to the first Arab-Israeli War. Over subsequent conflicts in 1967 and 1973, Israel expanded its territory significantly, seizing more than 70% of Palestinian land.##